bully: [16] Bullies have undergone a sad decline in status. In the 16th century the word meant ‘sweetheart’: ‘Though she be somewhat old, it is my own sweet bully’, John Bale, Three laws 1538. But gradually the rot set in, its meaning passing through ‘fine fellow’ to ‘blusterer’ to the present-day harasser of inferiors. In the 18th and 19th centuries it also meant ‘pimp’.
It is probably a modification of Dutch boele ‘lover’ which, as a term of endearment, may have originated as baby-talk. This bully has no connection with the bully of bully beef [18], which comes from French bouilli, the past participle of bouillir ‘boil’. The bully of bully off [19], a now discontinued way of starting play in hockey, appears to come from a term for ‘scrummage’ in Eton football, but whether that is related to the cruel bully is not clear.
bully (n.)
1530s, originally "sweetheart," applied to either sex, from Dutch boel "lover; brother," probably a diminutive of Middle Dutch broeder "brother" (compare Middle High German buole "brother," source of German Buhle "lover;" see brother (n.)).
Meaning deteriorated 17c. through "fine fellow" and "blusterer" to "harasser of the weak" (1680s, from bully-ruffian, 1650s). Perhaps this was by influence of bull (n.1), but a connecting sense between "lover" and "ruffian" may be in "protector of a prostitute," which was one sense of bully (though not specifically attested until 1706). The expression meaning "worthy, jolly, admirable" (especially in 1864 U.S. slang bully for you!) is first attested 1680s, and preserves an earlier, positive sense of the word.
bully (v.)
1710, from bully (n.). Related: Bullied; bullying.
雙語例句
1. Some people accuse the tax inspectors of bully-boy tactics.
有些人指控稅務(wù)稽查員使用了流氓手段。
來自柯林斯例句
2. Our maths teacher was a bully and a complete barbarian.
我們的數(shù)學老師是個壞蛋，一個徹頭徹尾的野蠻人。
來自柯林斯例句
3. The aggression of a bully leaves people feeling hurt, angry and impotent.
暴徒的侵犯令人們感到痛心、憤怒卻又無能為力。
來自柯林斯例句
4. He's a coward and a bully who confuses physical strength with manhood.
他是一個懦夫，一個分不清蠻力和大丈夫氣概的恃強凌弱者。
來自柯林斯例句
5. We think an attempt to bully them into submission would be counterproductive.