fir: [14] As with many Indo-European tree-names, fir is a widespread term, but it does not mean the same thing wherever it occurs. Its prehistoric Indo-European ancestor was *perkos, which in Latin became quercus, the name for the ‘oak’. Nor was the application confined to southern Europe, for Swiss German has a related ferch ‘oak wood’. But by and large, the Germanic languages took the term over and applied it to the ‘pine’: German f?hre, Swedish fura, and Danish fyr all mean ‘pine’.
So also did Old English furh (known only in the compound furhwudu ‘pinewood’), but this appears to have died out. It was replaced semantically by pine, but formally by Middle English firre, a borrowing from the Old Norse form fyri- (also known only in compounds). This was used as a name not for the ‘pine’, but for the ‘fir’ (which in Old English times had been called s?ppe or gyr).
fir (n.)
late 14c., from Old Norse fyri- "fir" or Old Danish fyr, both from Proto-Germanic *furkhon (cognates: Old High German foraha, German F?hre "fir"), from PIE root *perkwu-, originally meaning "oak," also "oak forest," but never "wood" (cognates: Sanskrit paraktah "the holy fig tree," Hindi pargai "the evergreen oak," Latin quercus "oak," Lombardic fereha "a kind of oak"). Old English had a cognate form in furhwudu "pine wood" (only in glosses, for Latin pinus), but the modern English word is more likely from Scandinavian and in Middle English fyrre glosses Latin abies "fir," which is of obscure origin.
According to Indo-Europeanists Gamkrelidze and Ivanov, "The semantics of the term clearly points to a connection between 'oak' and mountainous regions, which is the basis for the ancient European term applied to forested mountains" (such as Gothic fairgunni "mountainous region," Old English firgen "mountain forest," Middle High German Virgunt "mountain forest; Sudetes"). In the period 3300 B.C.E. to 400 B.C.E., conifers and birches gradually displaced oaks in northern European forests. "Hence it is no surprise that in the early history of the Germanic languages the ancient term for mountain oak and oak forest shifts to denote conifers and coniferous forests." [Thomas V. Gamkrelidze, Vjaceslav V. Ivanov, "Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans," Berlin, 1994]
雙語(yǔ)例句
1. The box is made out of China fir wood.
這盒子是用杉木做成的.
來(lái)自《簡(jiǎn)明英漢詞典》
2. Using assembly language can be prepared by the procedure FIR filter function.
用匯編語(yǔ)言編寫(xiě)的可實(shí)現(xiàn)FIR濾波器功能的程序.
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3. Mapped the FIR digital filter design of amplitude frequency characteristic curve.
繪出設(shè)計(jì)的FIR數(shù)字濾波幅頻特性曲線(xiàn).
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4. Using window function design FIR filter, given in response to its sample.
利用窗函數(shù)法設(shè)計(jì)FIR濾波器, 給出其抽樣響應(yīng).
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5. Copy PS _ A 610 . FIR to the root folder of SD card using your cardreader.