lead是什么意思

lead

英 [li?d] 美 [lid]

n. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；鉛；導(dǎo)線；榜樣
vt. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；致使；引導(dǎo)；指揮
vi. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；導(dǎo)致；用水砣測(cè)深
adj. 帶頭的；最重要的
n. (Lead)人名；(英)利德

助記提示

音譯“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”。

“領(lǐng)”的本意為“頸部”，按理說并不是人體最高的，但卻是頭之外最高的，并且頭的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)也依賴脖子，所以兩者往往聯(lián)系在一起——“頭領(lǐng)”、“首領(lǐng)”，表示地位高、可以發(fā)號(hào)施令的人。

“導(dǎo)”的本意是“引路”，最早這個(gè)“導(dǎo)”的事是下人做的，比如“導(dǎo)引”、“向?qū)А?，不?huì)有人用這個(gè)字用來形容有身份有影響力的大人物。

所以這兩個(gè)字放在一起是有違和感的。

直到近代民主革命消滅了皇權(quán)，作為國家象征和最高權(quán)力的代表的人不再是高高在上的統(tǒng)治者，而成了為全民指明前進(jìn)方向、帶領(lǐng)全民前進(jìn)的人時(shí)候，這兩個(gè)字再通過英文 lead 和 leader 聯(lián)系在一起，但究竟是受外文影響聯(lián)系在一起的，還是自發(fā)聯(lián)系在一起的，至今仍有爭(zhēng)議。

中文詞源

lead 帶領(lǐng)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)

來自PIE*leit,向前走，詞源同lodestar,lodestone.引申詞義引導(dǎo)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。

lead 鉛

來自Proto-Germanic*lauda,鉛，可能進(jìn)一步來自PIE*ploud,流動(dòng)，流體，詞源同plumb,plumber.因鉛是一種易溶易鍛造的金屬元素而得名，據(jù)歷史記載，人們利用和使用鉛的歷史可追溯自公元6000多年前，該遺址位于今土耳其境內(nèi)。

英文詞源

lead: lead: [OE] English has two words lead, spelled the same but of course pronounced differently and with a very different history. The verb goes back to a prehistoric West and North Germanic *laithjan. This was derived from *laithō ‘way, journey’ (from which English gets load); so etymologically lead means ‘cause to go along one’s way’. Its Germanic relatives include German leiten, Dutch leiden, Swedish leda, and Danish lede. Lead the metal is probably of Celtic origin.

The prehistoric Celtic word for ‘lead’ was *loudiā, which may have come ultimately from an Indo-European source meaning ‘flow’ (a reference to the metal’s low melting point). Its modern descendants include Irish luaidhe and Gaelic luaidh. It could well have been borrowed into prehistoric West Germanic as *lauda, which would have produced modern German lot ‘solder’, Dutch lood ‘lead’, and English lead.
=> load
lead (v.1): "to guide," Old English l?dan "cause to go with one, lead, guide, conduct, carry; sprout forth; bring forth, pass (one's life)," causative of liean "to travel," from Proto-Germanic *laidjan (cognates: Old Saxon lithan, Old Norse liea "to go," Old High German ga-lidan "to travel," Gothic ga-leitan "to go"), from PIE *leit- "to go forth."

Meaning "to be in first place" is from late 14c. Sense in card playing is from 1670s. Related: Led; leading. Lead-off "commencement, beginning" attested from 1879; lead-in "introduction, opening" is from 1928.
lead (n.1): heavy metal, Old English lead, from West Germanic *loudhom (cognates: Old Frisian lad, Middle Dutch loot, Dutch lood "lead," German Lot "weight, plummet"). The name and the skill in using the metal seem to have been borrowed from the Celts (compare Old Irish luaide), probably from PIE root *plou(d)- "to flow."

Figurative of heaviness since at least early 14c. Black lead was an old name for "graphite," hence lead pencil (1680s) and the colloquial figurative phrase to have lead in one's pencil "be possessed of (especially male sexual) vigor," attested by 1902. Lead balloon "a failure," American English slang, attested by 1957 (as a type of something heavy that can be kept up only with effort, from 1904). Lead-footed "slow" is from 1896; opposite sense of "fast" emerged 1940s in trucker's jargon, from notion of a foot heavy on the gas pedal.
lead (n.2): c. 1300, "action of leading," from lead (v.1). Meaning "the front or leading place" is from 1560s. Johnson stigmatized it as "a low, despicable word." Sense in card-playing is from 1742; in theater, from 1831; in journalism, from 1912; in jazz bands, from 1934.
lead (v.2): early 15c., "to make of lead," from lead (n.1). Meaning "to cover with lead" is from mid-15c. Related: Leaded (early 13c.); leading.

雙語例句

1. Politicians say it could lead to a dissolution of parliament.: 政客們說這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致議會(huì)解散。

2. The group proceeded with a march they knew would lead to bloodshed.: 這個(gè)團(tuán)體繼續(xù)示威游行，他們知道這將導(dǎo)致流血事件的發(fā)生。

3. This can lead to bodily weakness and muscle wastage.: 這樣可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致身體虛弱和肌肉萎縮。

4. Lack of exercise can lead to feelings of depression and exhaustion.: 缺乏鍛煉會(huì)導(dǎo)致抑郁和疲勞。

5. The Turkish situation makes the lead in tomorrow's Guardian.: 土耳其局勢(shì)將成為明天《衛(wèi)報(bào)》的頭條。

lead是什么意思

lead

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