subject
英 ['s?bd?ekt; 's?bd??kt]
美 [?s?bd?ekt]
- n. 主題；科目；[語] 主語；國民
- adj. 服從的；易患…的；受制于…的
- vt. 使…隸屬；使屈從于…
助記提示
1. 在下邊扔過去, 扔在下邊兒(to place under). subject to air raid 遭受突襲.
2. => person under control or dominion of another.
中文詞源
subject 國民，臣民，主題，題目，學科，科目，從屬于，受支配于sub-,在下，-ject,投擲，扔，詞源同 project,projectile.字面意思即扔在下面，引申詞義被制服， 被控制，國民，臣民。后引申詞義扔在下面，構成基礎，主題，題目等。
英文詞源
- subject
- subject: [14] To subject something is etymologically to ‘throw it under’. The verb comes via Old French subjecter from Latin sujectāre, which was formed from subjectus, the past participle of Latin subicere ‘bring down’. This in turn was a compound verb formed from the prefix sub- ‘under’ and jacere ‘throw’ (source also of English abject [15], adjacent, adjective, conjecture, dejected [15], inject [17], jet, jettison, jetty, reject [15], etc).
The noun subject, which also came from Latin subjectus, originally denoted a person ‘subjected’ to the control of another (as in ‘the Queen’s subjects’). The most salient modern sense, ‘topic’, comes ultimately from the notion of ‘that which is operated on by something else’.
=> abject, adjacent, adjective, conjecture, dejected, inject, jet, jettison, jetty, object, reject - subject (n.)
- early 14c., "person under control or dominion of another," specifically a government or ruler, from Old French sogit, suget, subget "a subject person or thing" (12c., Modern French sujet), from noun use of Latin subiectus "lying under, below, near bordering on," figuratively "subjected, subdued," past participle of subicere, subiicere "to place under, throw under, bind under; to make subject, subordinate," from sub "under" (see sub-) + combining form of iacere "to throw" (see jet (v.)). In 14c., sugges, sogetis, subgit, sugette; form re-Latinized in English 16c.
Meaning "person or thing regarded as recipient of action, one that may be acted upon" is recorded from 1590s. Grammatical sense is recorded from 1630s, from Latin subjectum "grammatical subject," noun use of the neuter of the Latin past participle. Likewise some restricted uses in logic and philosophy are borrowed directly from Latin subjectum as "foundation or subject of a proposition," a loan-translation of Aristotle's to hypokeimenon. Meaning "subject matter of an art or science" is attested from 1540s, probably short for subject matter (late 14c.), which is from Medieval Latin subjecta materia, a loan translation of Greek hypokeimene hyle (Aristotle), literally "that which lies beneath." - subject (v.)
- late 14c., "to make (a person or nation) subject to another by force," also "to render submissive or dependent," from Medieval Latin subiectare "place beneath," frequentative of Latin subicere "to make subject, subordinate" (see subject (n.)). Meaning "to lay open or expose to (some force or occurrence)" is recorded from early 15c. (implied in subjected). Related: Subjecting.
- subject (adj.)
- early 14c., from Old French suget, subject (Modern French sujet), from Latin subiectus (see subject (n.)).
雙語例句
- 1. In the car she reverted to the subject uppermost in her mind.
- 在車里，她又提起了她最關心的話題。
來自柯林斯例句
- 2. The empirical evidence considered here is subject to many qualifications.
- 此處提及的實驗證據有諸多限制條件。
來自柯林斯例句
- 3. The drama takes an idealistic, even a naive view of the subject.
- 這部戲在對待這一主題上有些理想化，甚至是天真。
來自柯林斯例句
- 4. All through lunch he had carefully avoided the subject of the house.
- 整個午飯期間，他一直在小心翼翼地回避房子的話題。
來自柯林斯例句
- 5. The subject came up during a pre-dinner drink with our guests.
- 在與客人喝餐前酒的時候，有人提到了這個話題。
來自柯林斯例句