Viking
['vaiki?]
助記提示
1. 維京Viking，意是“來自峽灣的人”。維京人泛指生活于公元800年——1066年之間所有的斯堪的納維亞人。他們從事廣泛的海外貿(mào)易和殖民擴(kuò)張，海盜時(shí)代初期，維京人對英格蘭海岸及歐洲大陸的修道院、教堂和其他一些易于攻擊之地發(fā)起猛烈進(jìn)攻，他們因此被描繪成殺人如麻的掠奪者，但實(shí)際上他們既是開拓者又是侵略者，既是偉大的探險(xiǎn)家又是無惡不作的強(qiáng)盜，既是勤勞的商人又是冷酷的征服者。
2. 有一種說法認(rèn)為這個(gè)詞的詞源可能是來源于古代北歐人的語言，“vik”意思是“海灣”，“ing”意思是“從……來”，“維京”就是兩個(gè)詞根加起來，意思是指在海灣中從事某種事。
3. 維京人（Viking）泛指北歐海盜。
中文詞源
Viking 維京人，北歐海盜來自古諾斯語vikingr,海盜，通常認(rèn)為來自vik,海灣，峽谷，來自PIE*weik,村莊，聚居地，詞源同villa,Greenwick.
英文詞源
- viking
- viking: [19] There are two competing theories as to the origin of the word viking. If its ancestry is genuinely Scandinavian (and Old Norse víkingr is first recorded in the 10th century), then it was presumably based on Old Norse vík ‘inlet’, and it would denote etymologically ‘person who lives by the fjords’ – a logical enough notion. However, earlier traces of the word have been found in Old English and Old Frisian, from around the 8th century, which suggests the alternative theory that it may have been coined from Old English wīc ‘camp’ (ancestor of the -wick, -wich of English place-names).
On this view, the term originated as a word used by the Anglo-Saxons for the Norse raiders, who made temporary camps while they attacked and plundered the local populace. It was introduced into modern English at the start of the 19th century as an antiquarian’s or historian’s term.
- Viking (n.)
- Scandinavian pirate, 1801, vikingr, in "The History of the Anglo-Saxons" by English historian Sharon H. Turner (1768-1847); he suggested the second element might be connected to king:
The name by which the pirates were at first distinguished was Vikingr, which perhaps originally meant kings of the bays. It was in bays that they ambushed, to dart upon the passing voyager.
But this later was dismissed as incorrect. The form viking is attested in 1820, in Jamieson's notes to "The Bruce." The word is a historians' revival; it was not used in Middle English, but it was reintroduced from Old Norse vikingr "freebooter, sea-rover, pirate, viking," which usually is explained as meaning properly "one who came from the fjords," from vik "creek, inlet, small bay" (cognates: Old English wic, Middle High German wich "bay," and second element in Reykjavik). But Old English wicing and Old Frisian wizing are almost 300 years older than the earliest attestation of the Old Norse word, and probably derive from wic "village, camp" (large temporary camps were a feature of the Viking raids), related to Latin vicus "village, habitation" (see villa).
The connection between the Norse and Old English words is still much debated. The period of Viking activity was roughly 8c. to 11c. In the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the raiding armies generally were referred to as ta Deniscan "the Danes," while those who settled in England were identified by their place of settlement. Old Norse viking (n.) meant "freebooting voyage, piracy;" one would "go on a viking" (fara í viking).
雙語例句
- 1. The Nicolet - Viking - Select system was used for SSR and RRIV detection.
- 所用儀器為Nicolet-Viking-Select型.
來自互聯(lián)網(wǎng)
- 2. Six hundred Viking boats attacked Hamburg , which was set on fire.
- 600艘海盜船襲擊漢堡, 漢堡慘遭焚燒.
來自英漢非文學(xué) - 文明史
- 3. Viking : Either of two unmanned U.S. spacecraft launched by NASA in 1975.
- 海盜號: 美國國家航空暨太空總署在1975年發(fā)射的兩個(gè)不載人的宇宙飛船.
來自互聯(lián)網(wǎng)
- 4. A backpack is a Viking helmet - neither should be a crowed train.
- 背包像維京海盜的頭盔一樣,不應(yīng)該帶上擁擠的火車.
來自互聯(lián)網(wǎng)
- 5. The Viking and Mars Pathfinder images from the surface look eerily Earth - like.
- 維京人號和火星探路者號傳回的火星地表影像,與地球出奇類似.
來自互聯(lián)網(wǎng)