scavenger是什么意思

scavenger

英 ['sk?v?n(d)??] 美 ['sk?v?nd??]

n. 食腐動(dòng)物；清道夫；[助劑] 清除劑；拾荒者

中文詞源

scavenger 拾荒者，撿破爛者

來(lái)自中古英語(yǔ) scawageour,倫敦的稅務(wù)官員，特指對(duì)外來(lái)商品收取稅費(fèi)的官員，來(lái)自盎格魯法語(yǔ) scawage,稅收，稅費(fèi)，來(lái)自 Proto-Germanic*skau,注視，注意，檢查，來(lái)自 PIE*skeue, 注視，注意，詞源同 show,古義看，檢查。因收取稅費(fèi)的同時(shí)兼顧打掃街道衛(wèi)生，引申詞義拾荒者，撿破爛者，后原詞義逐漸消失，其引申詞義成為主要詞義。-enger,人，詞源同 messenger,passenger.

英文詞源

scavenger: scavenger: [15] A scavenger was originally a scavager – the extra n is the same as that intruded into messenger, passenger, etc. This was acquired from Anglo-Norman scawager, and it started life as a term for an official whose job was to collect taxes levied on foreign merchants. Etymologically it denoted ‘inspector’, for it was derived from the verb escauwer ‘inspect’, which was borrowed from Flemish scauwen ‘look at’, a relative of English show.

By the 16th century the scavenger had begun to come down in the world, first to a ‘street-cleaner’ and finally to ‘one who gathers or lives on what others have thrown away’. The verb scavenge was derived from it in the 17th century.
=> show
scavenger (n.): 1540s, originally "person hired to remove refuse from streets," from Middle English scawageour (late 14c.), London official in charge of collecting tax on goods sold by foreign merchants, from Anglo-French scawager, from scawage "toll or duty on goods offered for sale in one's precinct" (c. 1400), from Old North French escauwage "inspection," from a Germanic source (compare Old High German scouwon, Old English sceawian "to look at, inspect;" see show (v.)).

It has come to be regarded as an agent noun in -er, but the verb is a late back-formation from the noun. With intrusive -n- (c. 1500) as in harbinger, passenger, messenger. Extended to animals 1590s. Scavenger hunt is attested from 1937.

雙語(yǔ)例句

1. He's just fit for a job as scavenger.: 他只配當(dāng)個(gè)清道夫.

2. He is not a scavenger nor just a moving appetite as some sharks are.: 它不是食腐動(dòng)物,也不像有些鯊魚(yú)那樣,只知道游來(lái)游去滿(mǎn)足食欲.

3. Mulberry red pigment hence was a good kind of natural radical scavenger.: 桑椹紅色素是一種很好的天然自由基清除劑.

4. He be just fit for a job as scavenger.: 他正好當(dāng)個(gè)清道夫之職.

5. Glutathione peroxidase ( GSH - Px ) acts as a free radical scavenger.: 谷胱甘肽過(guò)氧化物酶是生物機(jī)體內(nèi)的自由基清除劑.

scavenger是什么意思

scavenger

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