toll
英 [t??l]
美 [tol]
- n. 通行費(fèi)；代價(jià)；鐘聲；傷亡人數(shù)
- vt. 征收；敲鐘
- vi. 鳴鐘；征稅
助記提示
1、詞根tel-為什么會(huì)由end, result, final引申出tax這一層含義？其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單，咱們漢語(yǔ)里表示與稅費(fèi)有關(guān)的詞有：結(jié)算、結(jié)賬，它們都與結(jié)(end)有關(guān)；同類情況的還有：fin- => finance.
2、tel- "tax" => toll.
中文詞源
toll 費(fèi)用，道路通行費(fèi)，長(zhǎng)途電話費(fèi)，傷亡人數(shù)來(lái)自古英語(yǔ) toll,費(fèi)用，稅費(fèi)，關(guān)稅，來(lái)自 Proto-Germanic*tullo,計(jì)算數(shù)，告知，來(lái)自 PIE*dol, 計(jì)算，思考，詞源同 tell,tall.引申諸相關(guān)詞義。
英文詞源
- toll
- toll: Toll ‘charge, payment’ [OE] and toll ‘ring a bell’ [15] are distinct words. The former was borrowed into Old English from medieval Latin tolōneum ‘place where tolls are collected’, an alteration of late Latin telōneum. This in turn was borrowed from Greek telónion, a derivative of télos ‘tax’. The ancestry of toll ‘ring a bell’ is more conjectural. It may be the same word as the long-obsolete toll ‘pull’, which went back to an Old English *tollian.
- toll (n.)
- "tax, fee," Old English toll "impost, tribute, passage-money, rent," variant of toln, cognate with Old Norse tollr, Old Frisian tolen, Old High German zol, German Zoll, probably representing an early Germanic borrowing from Late Latin tolonium "custom house," from Latin telonium "tollhouse," from Greek teloneion "tollhouse," from telones "tax-collector," from telos "tax" (see tele-; for sense, compare finance). On the other theory it is native Germanic and related to tell (v.) on the notion of "that which is counted." Originally in a general sense of "payment exacted by an authority;" meaning "charge for right of passage along a road" is from late 15c.
- toll (v.)
- "to sound with slow single strokes" (intransitive), mid-15c., probably a special use of tollen "to draw, lure," early 13c. variant of Old English -tyllan in betyllan "to lure, decoy," and fortyllan "draw away, seduce," of obscure origin. The notion is perhaps of "luring" people to church with the sound of the bells, or of "drawing" on the bell rope. Transitive sense from late 15c. Related: Tolled; tolling. The noun meaning "a stroke of a bell" is from mid-15c.
雙語(yǔ)例句
- 1. The daily toll of casualties has dropped off sharply.
- 每日傷亡人數(shù)已經(jīng)大大減少。
來(lái)自柯林斯例句
- 2. This has taken a great toll on me personally and professionally.
- 這給我的個(gè)人生活和我的工作都造成了嚴(yán)重的不良影響。
來(lái)自柯林斯例句
- 3. There are fears that the casualty toll may be higher.
- 有人擔(dān)心傷亡總數(shù)可能會(huì)更高。
來(lái)自柯林斯例句
- 4. Winter takes its toll on your health.
- 冬天對(duì)健康不利。
來(lái)自柯林斯例句
- 5. Higher fuel prices took their toll.
- 燃料提價(jià)產(chǎn)生了惡果。
來(lái)自柯林斯例句